Rheology modifiers (thickeners): Control the paint's viscosity and flow behavior to prevent sagging or dripping on vertical surfaces and to minimize splashing during application. They help ensure paint is easy to apply and creates a uniform film. Examples include certain organic compounds and inorganic clays.
Wetting and dispersing agents: Help break up pigment clumps and ensure solid particles are evenly distributed and stable in the liquid paint. This creates a uniform color, prevents pigment from settling to the bottom of the can, and improves hiding power.
Leveling agents: Promote a smooth, even surface appearance and help eliminate surface defects like brush marks, streaks, or "orange peel".
Anti-settling agents: Keep pigments and other solid components in suspension during storage, which maintains consistency and reduces the need for constant mixing
